Effect of an intervention program in the development of emotional, motor and cognitive skills of 5th-6th graders / Efeito de um programa de intervenção no desenvolvimento de habilidades emocionais, motoras e cognitivas de alunos do 5º ao 6º ano

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of literature program on development emotional and motor skills of students aged 10-12 in the sport of volleyball. Students from 5th and 6th grade (Ν=257, 123 boys and 134 girls), participated in the research. The students were randomly divided into two groups. The first group (n=173) followed a 4 months literature program using the literary book "The Knight in Rusty Armor" and the second group (n=84) followed the typical Physical Education program. The teaching of emotional skills was combined with a program of learning the Volleyball cognitive backhand skill. Social-emotional intelligence was assessed with the questionnaire "Emotional Quotient-Inventory: Youth Version (EQ-I:YV)" by Bar-On and Parker, while the cognitive assessment of backhand service was carried out with criteria sheet 4 (p. 65) of the Physical Education book of the 5th-6th grade teacher. The non-parametric Friedman test - K related samples and the non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to evaluate the effect of the literature intervention. The results showed that the intervention program was effective with the students of the experimental group showing a significant improvement in terms of emotional skills: intrapersonal (P=0.290, Df(1), χ2: 1.119), empathy (P=0.128, Df(1), χ2: 2.312), social responsibility (P=0.610, Df(1), χ2: 0.261), adaptability (P=0.006, Df(1), χ2: 7.615), stress control (P=0.000, Df(1), χ2: 53.161) and general mood (P=0.790, Df(1), χ2:0.071). There was also an improvement in the cognitive of the back-hand service technique skill, (P=0.000, Df(2), χ2: 61.843). In contrast, students in the control group did not show any improvement in emotional skills and performance of cognitive backhand service skill. Therefore, the findings support the positive contribution of literature to the improvement of emotional and motor skills through the practice of the intervention program.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito de um programa de literatura no desenvolvimento de habilidades emocionais e motoras de alunos de 10 a 12 anos na modalidade voleibol. Participaram da pesquisa alunos do 5º e 6º ano (Ν=257, 123 meninos e 134 meninas). Os alunos foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. O primeiro grupo (n=173) seguiu um programa de literatura de 4 meses utilizando o livro literário The Knight in Rusty Armor" [O Cavaleiro da Armadura Enferrujada]e o segundo grupo (n=84) seguiu o programa típico de Educação Física. O ensino de habilidades emocionais foi combinado com um programa de aprendizagem da habilidade cognitiva de backhand do Voleibol. A inteligência socioemocional foi avaliada com o questionário "Emotional Quotient-Inventory: Youth Version (EQ-I:YV)" de Bar-On e Parker, enquanto a avaliação cognitiva do serviço de backhand foi realizada com a ficha de critérios 4 (p. 65 ) do livro de Educação Física do professor do 5º ao 6º ano. O teste não paramétrico de Friedman - amostras relacionadas a K e o teste não paramétrico de postos sinalizados de Wilcoxon foram utilizados para avaliar o efeito da intervenção da literatura. Os resultados mostraram que o programa de intervenção foi eficaz com os alunos do grupo experimental apresentando uma melhoria significativa em termos de competências emocionais: intrapessoais (P=0,290, Df(1), χ2: 1,119), empatia (P=0,128, Df( 1), χ2: 2,312), responsabilidade social (P=0,610, Df(1), χ2: 0,261), adaptabilidade (P=0,006, Df(1), χ2: 7,615), controle de estresse (P=0,000, Df( 1), χ2: 53,161) e humor geral (P=0,790, Df(1), χ2:0,071). Houve também melhora na habilidade cognitiva da técnica de saque de backhand, (P=0,000, Df(2), χ2: 61,843). Em contraste, os alunos do grupo de controle não apresentaram qualquer melhora nas habilidades emocionais e no desempenho da habilidade cognitiva de serviço de backhand. Portanto, os achados corroboram a contribuição positiva da literatura para o aprimoramento das habilidades emocionais e motoras por meio da prática do programa de intervenção.

Psychometric evaluation of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in primary school students with mild intellectual disability: First evidence.

BACKGROUND: Although the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) is the most widely used measure of self-esteem, the evidential basis to confirm the RSES factor validity and reliability in children with intellectual disabilities (ID) has not been previously addressed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Greek version of the RSES into a sample consisting of primary school students with mild ID, bearing in mind the aspect of multidimensionality. In addition, gender differences were also investigated. METHODS: The participants were 103 primary school students with mild ID aged 9-12 years old. Fifty-four (52.4 %) of the participants were boys and forty-nine were girls (47.6 %). Using the LISREL software, six different models of factor structure were estimated. The psychometric properties of the RSES, including internal consistency, content validity, convergent and discriminant validity as well as confirmatory factor analysis, were assessed. RESULTS: The findings of this study provide some preliminary support to the robustness of the bifactor model, with a general self-esteem factor and two method effect factors that capture the direction of positive and negative item wording. CONCLUSIONS: Although it is inappropriate to conclude that the results will be extended to all other populations and cultures, it can be assumed that bifactor models, which specify method effects due to wording, fit better than strictly unidimensional or two factor models.

The effect of Xbox Kinect intervention on balance ability for previously injured young competitive male athletes: a preliminary study.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the outcomes of an Xbox Kinect intervention on balance ability, enjoyment and compliance for previously injured young competitive male athletes. DESIGN: Experimental pre-/post-test design with random assignment. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-three previously injured young competitive male athletes, aged 16 ± 1 years. INTERVENTIONS: Participants were divided into three groups: one group received Xbox Kinect (XbK) training, one group received Traditional physiotherapy (TP) training, and one group did not receive any balance training (Control). Intervention involved a 24 min session, twice weekly for 10 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Overall stability index (OSI) and limits of stability (LOS) scores using the Biodex Stability System. Enjoyment using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale. Self-reported compliance. RESULTS: Both experimental groups demonstrated an improvement in OSI and LOS mean scores for the right and the left limb after the intervention. In addition, the results revealed important differences between the experimental groups and the control group on balance test indices. Group enjoyment rating was greater for XbK compared with TP, while the compliance rating was not. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the use of XbK intervention is a valuable, feasible and pleasant approach in order to improve balance ability of previously injured young competitive male athletes.

Typical balance exercises or exergames for balance improvement?

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Balance training is an effective intervention to improve static postural sway and balance. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of the Nintendo Wii Fit Plus exercises for improving balance ability in healthy collegiate students in comparison with a typical balance training program. METHODS: Forty students were randomly divided into two groups, a traditional (T group) and a Nintendo Wii group (W group) performed an 8 week balance program. The "W group" used the interactive games as a training method, while the "T group" used an exercise program with mini trampoline and inflatable discs (BOSU). Pre and Post-training participants completed balance assessments. RESULTS: Two-way repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were conducted to determine the effect of training program. Analysis of the data illustrated that both training program groups demonstrated an improvement in Total, Anterior-posterior and Medial Lateral Stability Index scores for both limbs. Only at the test performed in the balance board with anterior-posterior motion, the improvement in balance ability was greater in the "T group" than the "W group", when the assessment was performed post-training (p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS: Findings support the effectiveness of using the Nintendo Wii gaming console as a balance training intervention tool.